老范的自言自语 Walter's Solo

The new and revised 15 factors

December 4, 2024 by walter

12 factor

In the modern era, software is commonly delivered as a service: called web apps, or software-as-a-service. The twelve-factor app is a methodology for building software-as-a-service apps that:

• Use declarative formats for setup automation, to minimize time and cost for new developers joining the project;
• Have a clean contract with the underlying operating system, offering maximum portability between execution environments;
• Are suitable for deployment on modern cloud platforms, obviating the need for servers and systems administration;
• Minimize divergence between development and production, enabling continuous deployment for maximum agility;
• And can scale up without significant changes to tooling, architecture, or development practices.
  The twelve-factor methodology can be applied to apps written in any programming language, and which use any combination of backing services (database, queue, memory cache, etc).

十二要素应用程序是一种构建软件即服务应用程序的方法：

• 使用声明性格式进行设置自动化，以最大限度地减少新开发人员加入项目的时间和成本；
• 与底层操作系统有清晰的契约，在执行环境之间提供最大的可移植性；
• 适合部署在现代云平台上，无需服务器和系统管理；
• 最大限度地减少开发和生产之间的差异，实现持续部署以实现最大灵活性；
• 并且可以在不对工具、架构或开发实践进行重大更改的情况下进行扩展。

十二因素方法可应用于用任何编程语言编写的应用程序，并使用任何组合的支持服务（数据库、队列、内存缓存等）

• 1. Codebase
     One codebase tracked in revision control, many deploys
• 2. Dependencies
     Explicitly declare and isolate dependencies
• 3. Config
     Store config in the environment
• 4. Backing services
     Treat backing services as attached resources
• 5. Build, release, run
     Strictly separate build and run stages
• 6. Processes
     Execute the app as one or more stateless processes
• 7. Port binding
     Export services via port binding
• 8. Concurrency
     Scale out via the process model
• 9. Disposability
     Maximize robustness with fast startup and graceful shutdown
• 10. Dev/prod parity
      Keep development, staging, and production as similar as possible
• 11. Logs
      Treat logs as event streams
• 12. Admin processes
      Run admin/management tasks as one-off processes

15 factor

1. One codebase, one application
2. API first
3. Dependency management
4. Design, build, release, and run
5. Configuration, credentials, and code
6. Logs
7. Disposability
8. Backing services
9. Environment parity

保持所有环境尽可能相似

10. Administrative processes
11. Port binding

应用是自包含的, 并通过端口绑定的方式导出服务

12. Stateless processes
13. Concurrency
14. Telemetry
15. Authentication and authorization

Reference

• https://12factor.net/
• https://developer.ibm.com/articles/15-factor-applications/

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